Headache caused by a disorder of the cervical spine and its component bony, disc and/or soft tissue elements, usually but not invariably accompanied by neck pain.
Diagnostic criteria:
A. Any headache fulfilling criterion C
B. Clinical, laboratory and/or imaging evidence of a disorder or lesion within the cervical spine or soft tissues of the neck, known to be able to cause headache
C. Evidence of causation demonstrated by at least two of the following:
- headache has developed in temporal relation to the onset of the cervical disorder or appearance of the lesion
- headache has significantly improved or resolved in parallel with improvement in or resolution of the cervical disorder or lesion
- cervical range of motion is reduced and headache is made significantly worse by provocative maneuvers
- headache is abolished following diagnostic blockade of a cervical structure or its nerve supply
Source
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2013). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia 2013; 33: 9-807.